AutomateTheBoringStuff Corrections

I don’t expect to find many more, but I’ll update this post if I do.

Note: It’s an EPUB copy, published: 2016-01-14T10:12:21-08:00 Also, no page numbers, just reference numbers (refNum/949).

In Chapter 10, on reference number 368.7, paragraph 19.30, the code block:

>>> podBayDoorStatus = 'open'
>>> assert podBayDoorStatus == 'open', 'The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
>>> podBayDoorStatus = 'I\'m sorry, Dave. I\'m afraid I can't do that.''
>>> assert podBayDoorStatus == 'open', 'The pod bay doors need to be "open".'

should be:

>>> podBayDoorStatus = 'open'
>>> assert podBayDoorStatus == 'open', 'The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
>>> podBayDoorStatus = 'I\'m sorry, Dave. I\'m afraid I can\'t do that.'  # Changed
>>> assert podBayDoorStatus == 'open', 'The pod bay doors need to be "open".'

July 23, 2018 Update

In Chapter 11, on reference number 447.4, paragraph 20.247, the code block:

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://inventwithpython.com')
try:
    elem = browser.find_element_by_class_name('bookcover')
    print('Found <%s> element with that class name!' % (elem.tag_name))
except:
    print('Was not able to find an element with that name.')

outputs Was not able to find an element with that name.

The following does give the intended output:

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://inventwithpython.com')
try:
    elem = browser.find_element_by_class_name('card-img-top')  # changed
    print('Found <%s> element with that class name!' % (elem.tag_name))
except:
    print('Was not able to find an element with that name.')

On reference number 448.7, paragraph 20.249, the code block:

>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> browser = webdriver.Firefox()
>>> browser.get('http://inventwithpython.com')
>>> linkElem = browser.find_element_by_link_text('Read It Online')
>>> type(linkElem)
<class 'selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement'>
>>> linkElem.click() # follows the "Read It Online" link

should be:

>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> browser = webdriver.Firefox()
>>> browser.get('http://inventwithpython.com')
>>> linkElem = browser.find_element_by_link_text('Read Online for Free')  # changed
>>> type(linkElem)
<class 'selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement'>
>>> linkElem.click() # follows the "Read Online for Free" link  # changed

On reference number 449.3, paragraph 20.252, the line:

As long as Gmail hasn’t changed the id of the Username and Password text fields since this book was published…

“Gmail” should be “Yahoo Mail” because of line >>> browser.get('https://mail.yahoo.com') in the code block

Aug. 5, 2018 Update

In Chapter 12, on reference number 459.8, paragraph 21.47, the codeblock:

>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet1', 'Sheet2', 'Sheet3']
>>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet3')
>>> sheet
<Worksheet "Sheet3">
>>> type(sheet) <class 'openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet'>
>>> sheet.title
'Sheet3'
>>> anotherSheet = wb.get_active_sheet()

should be:

>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed
['Sheet1', 'Sheet2', 'Sheet3']
>>> sheet = wb['Sheet3']  # changed
>>> sheet
<Worksheet "Sheet3">
>>> type(sheet) <class 'openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet'>
>>> sheet.title
'Sheet3'
>>> anotherSheet = wb.active  # changed

because those methods are now depreciated (using OpenPyXL 2.5.5).

Aug. 6, 2018 Update

In Chapter 12, on reference number 463.0, paragraph 21.56, the codeblock:

>>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
>>> sheet.get_highest_row()
7
>>> sheet.get_highest_column()
3

should be:

>>> sheet = wb['Sheet1']  # changed
>>> sheet.max_row  # changed
7
>>> sheet.max_column  # changed
3

because those methods are also depreciated.

On reference number 463.6, paragraph 21.58, the codeblock:

>>> from openpyxl.cell import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string
--snip--  # omitted to save space
>>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
>>> get_column_letter(sheet.get_highest_column())
'C'

should be:

>>> from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string  # changed
--snip-- # omitted to save space
>>> sheet = wb['Sheet1']  # changed
>>> get_column_letter(sheet.max_column)  # changed
'C'

because the functions were relocated and methods depreciated. The lines with openpyxl.cell in the paragraphs above and below should also be changed. In paragraph 21.59, the line “method like get_highest_column() to get an integer” should be changed to “property like max_column to get an integer.”

Aug. 7, 2018 Update

In Chapter 12, on reference number 465.0, paragraph 21.60 is another >>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1') that ought to be >>> sheet = wb['Sheet1'].

On reference number 466.8, paragraph 21.64, the codeblock:

--snip--  # omitted to save space
>>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet()
>>> sheet.columns[1]
(<Cell Sheet1.B1>, <Cell Sheet1.B2>, <Cell Sheet1.B3>, <Cell Sheet1.B4>,
<Cell Sheet1.B5>, <Cell Sheet1.B6>, <Cell Sheet1.B7>)
>>> for cellObj in sheet.columns[1]:
        print(cellObj.value)

outputs TypeError: 'generator' object is not subscriptable

The best way to fix it is debatable, but the easiest was to use the list function:

--snip--  # omitted to save space
>>> sheet = wb.active  # changed
>>> list(sheet.columns)[1]  # changed
(<Cell Sheet1.B1>, <Cell Sheet1.B2>, <Cell Sheet1.B3>, <Cell Sheet1.B4>,
<Cell Sheet1.B5>, <Cell Sheet1.B6>, <Cell Sheet1.B7>)
>>> for cellObj in list(sheet.columns)[1]:  # changed
        print(cellObj.value)

On reference number 468.0, paragraph 21.67 the list item 4. Call the get_active_sheet() or get_sheet_by_name() workbook method. ought to be something like 4. Use the .active property or the ["UseThisSheet"] workbook key.

On reference number 470.6, paragraph 21.90 the codeblock:

--snip--  # omitted to save space
➌ sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Population by Census Tract')
   countyData = {}

   # TODO: Fill in countyData with each county's population and tracts.
   print('Reading rows...')
➍ for row in range(2, sheet.get_highest_row() + 1):
--snip-- # omitted to save space

ought to be:

--snip--  # omitted to save space
➌ sheet = wb['Population by Census Tract']  # changed
   countyData = {}

   # TODO: Fill in countyData with each county's population and tracts.
   print('Reading rows...')
➍ for row in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):  # changed

because of depreciated methods. The codeblock on paragraph 21.96 ought to be updated as well.

Aug. 8, 2018 Update

In Chapter 12, on reference number 477.4, paragraph 21.111, the codeblock:

>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet']
>>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet()
>>> sheet.title
'Sheet'
>>> sheet.title = 'Spam Bacon Eggs Sheet'
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()

ought to be:

>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed
['Sheet']
>>> sheet = wb.active  # changed
>>> sheet.title
'Sheet'
>>> sheet.title = 'Spam Bacon Eggs Sheet'
>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed

In paragraph 21.113 (codeblock directly below) another >>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet() ought to be >>> sheet = wb.active.

On reference number 478.6, paragraph 21.116, the codeblock:

>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet']
>>> wb.create_sheet()
<Worksheet "Sheet1">
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=0, title='First Sheet')
<Worksheet "First Sheet">
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=2, title='Middle Sheet')
<Worksheet "Middle Sheet">
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Middle Sheet', 'Sheet1']

ought to be:

>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed
['Sheet']
>>> wb.create_sheet()
<Worksheet "Sheet1">
>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed
['Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=0, title='First Sheet')
<Worksheet "First Sheet">
>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=2, title='Middle Sheet')
<Worksheet "Middle Sheet">
>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed

In paragraph 21.118 (codeblock directly below):

>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Middle Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.remove_sheet(wb.get_sheet_by_name('Middle Sheet'))
>>> wb.remove_sheet(wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1'))
>>> wb.get_sheet_names()

ought to be

>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed
['First Sheet', 'Sheet', 'Middle Sheet', 'Sheet1']
>>> wb.remove(wb['Middle Sheet'])  # changed
>>> wb.remove(wb['Sheet1'])  # changed
>>> wb.sheetnames  # changed

Aug. 11, 2018 Update

In paragraph 21.121 (codeblock directly below), and on reference number 483.6, paragraph 21.144 (updateProduce.py) are more >>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet') that should be >>> sheet = wb['Sheet'].

On reference number 484.8, paragraph 21.146 (updateProduce.py), the line ➊ for rowNum in range(2, sheet.get_highest_row()): # skip the first row ought to be ➊ for rowNum in range(2, sheet.max_row): # skip the first row.

On reference number 486.5, paragraph 21.158, the line:

To customize font styles in cells, important, import the Font() and Style() functions from the openpyxl.styles module.

Unless, of course, that’s an intended pun.

On reference number 486.8, paragraph 21.158, the codeblock:

   >>> import openpyxl
   >>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, Style
   >>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
   >>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet')
➊ >>> italic24Font = Font(size=24, italic=True)
➋ >>> styleObj = Style(font=italic24Font)
➌ >>> sheet['A1'].style = styleObj
   >>> sheet['A1'] = 'Hello world!'
   >>> wb.save('styled.xlsx')

should be:

   >>> import openpyxl
   >>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, NamedStyle  # changed
   >>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
   >>> sheet = wb['Sheet']  # changed
➊ >>> italic24Font = NamedStyle(name="italic24Font")  # changed
➋ >>> italic24Font.font = Font(size=24, italic=True)  # changed
➌ >>> sheet['A1'].style = italic24Font  # changed
   >>> sheet['A1'] = 'Hello world!'
   >>> wb.save('styled.xlsx')

because the Style class is now depreciated.

Aug. 12, 2018 Update

In Chapter 12, on reference number 488.9, paragraph 21.178, the codeblock:

>>> import openpyxl
>>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, Style
>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet')

>>> fontObj1 = Font(name='Times New Roman', bold=True)
>>> styleObj1 = Style(font=fontObj1)
>>> sheet['A1'].style/styleObj
>>> sheet['A1'] = 'Bold Times New Roman'

>>> fontObj2 = Font(size=24, italic=True)
>>> styleObj2 = Style(font=fontObj2)
>>> sheet['B3'].style/styleObj
>>> sheet['B3'] = '24 pt Italic'

>>> wb.save('styles.xlsx')

should be:

>>> import openpyxl
>>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, NamedStyle  # changed
>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> sheet = wb['Sheet']  # changed

>>> fontObj1 = Font(name='Times New Roman', bold=True)
>>> styleObj1 = NamedStyle(name="styleObj1")  # changed
>>> styleObj1.font = fontObj1  # added
>>> sheet['A1'].style = styleObj1  # changed
>>> sheet['A1'] = 'Bold Times New Roman'

>>> fontObj2 = Font(size=24, italic=True)
>>> styleObj2 = NamedStyle(name="StyleObj2")  # changed
>>> styleObj2.font = fontObj2  # added
>>> sheet['B3'].style = styleObj2 # changed
>>> sheet['B3'] = '24 pt Italic'

>>> wb.save('styles.xlsx')

Aug. 13, 2018 Update

In Chapter 12, reference number 491.5, paragraphs 21.185 and 21.187 are more >>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet() that should be >>> sheet = wb.active. However, the formula evaluation doesn’t work for me:

>>> import openpyxl
>>> wbFormulas = openpyxl.load_workbook('writeFormula.xlsx')
>>> sheet = wbFormulas.active  # changed
>>> sheet['A3'].value
'=SUM(A1:A2)'

>>> wbDataOnly = openpyxl.load_workbook('writeFormula.xlsx', data_only=True)
>>> sheet = wbDataOnly.active  # changed
>>> sheet['A3'].value  # not working with LibreOffice 6.0.3.2
500

From what I’ve researched on openpyxl.load_workbook(),

data_only controls whether cells with formulae have either the formula (default) or the value stored the last time Excel read the sheet.

TODO: can someone else confirm with another LibreOffice version?

Reference numbers 493.3, 495.0, 496.2, and 497.6 have more >>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet() that should be >>> sheet = wb.active.

Aug. 17, 2018 Update

In Chapter 12, reference number 500.4, paragraph 21.234, the codeblock:

>>> import openpyxl
>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> sheet = wb.get_active_sheet()
>>> for i in range(1, 11):         # create some data in column A
        sheet['A' + str(i)] = i

>>> refObj = openpyxl.charts.Reference(sheet, (1, 1), (10, 1))

>>> seriesObj = openpyxl.charts.Series(refObj, title='First series')

>>> chartObj = openpyxl.charts.BarChart()
>>> chartObj.append(seriesObj)
>>> chartObj.drawing.top = 50       # set the position
>>> chartObj.drawing.left = 100
>>> chartObj.drawing.width = 300    # set the size
>>> chartObj.drawing.height = 200

>>> sheet.add_chart(chartObj)
>>> wb.save('sampleChart.xlsx')

works slightly better as:

>>> import openpyxl
>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> sheet = wb.active  # changed
>>> for i in range(1, 11):         # create some data in column A
        sheet['A' + str(i)] = i

>>> refObj = openpyxl.chart.Reference(sheet, min_row=1, min_col=1, max_row=10, max_col=1)  # changed

>>> seriesObj = openpyxl.chart.Series(refObj, title='First series')  # changed FIXME: Chart layout is wrong (LibreOffice 6.0.3.2)

>>> chartObj = openpyxl.chart.BarChart()  # changed
>>> chartObj.append(seriesObj)
>>> chartObj.anchor = "B3"  # set the position; changed
>>> chartObj.width = 7.94  # set the size (in centimeters, where 1 cm = 37.8 pixels); changed
>>> chartObj.height = 5.29  # changed

>>> sheet.add_chart(chartObj)
>>> wb.save('sampleChart.xlsx')

but the layout of the chart is all wrong. TODO: can someone else confirm it works in Excel?

Aug. 19, 2018 Update

In Chapter 13 (I made it! Woot!), reference number 511.7, paragraph 22.13, the line:

PyPDF2 uses a zero-based index for getting pages: The first page is page 0, the second is Introduction, and so on.

“Introduction” links to the introduction of the book. Maybe “page 1” was auto-referenced?

On reference number 513.2, paragraph 22.15, the codeblock:

➌ >>> pdfReader.decrypt('rosebud')
   1
   >>> pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(0)

gave me an IndexError, but the following works:

   >>> pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(open("encrypted.pdf", "rb"))  # added
➌ >>> pdfReader.decrypt('rosebud')
   1
   >>> pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(0)

Aug. 21, 2018 Update

In Chapter 13, reference number 524.8, paragraph 22.60, the codeblock:

   #! python3
   # combinePdfs.py - Combines all the PDFs in the current working directory into
   # into a single PDF

   import PyPDF2, os

   # Get all the PDF filenames.
   pdfFiles = []
   for filename in os.listdir('.'):
       if filename.endswith('.pdf'):
➋         pdfFiles.append(filename)
➌ pdfFiles.sort(key = str.lower)

should be:

   #! python3
   # combinePdfs.py - Combines all the PDFs in the current working directory into
   # a single PDF  # changed

   import PyPDF2, os

   # Get all the PDF filenames.
   pdfFiles = []
   for filename in os.listdir('.'):
       if filename.endswith('.pdf'):
➋         pdfFiles.append(filename)
➌ pdfFiles.sort(key=str.lower)  # changed

Aug. 22, 2018 Update

In Chapter 13, reference number 531.0, paragraph 22.79, the codeblock:

➎ >>> len(doc.paragraphs[1].runs)
   4
➏ >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[0].text
   'A plain paragraph with some '
➐ >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[1].text
   'bold'
➑ >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[2].text
   ' and some '
➒ >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[3].text
   'italic'

outputs the following in LibreOffice 6.0.3.2 with Python-Docx 0.8.7:

➎ >>> len(doc.paragraphs[1].runs)
   5    # changed
➏ >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[0].text
   'A plain paragraph with'     # changed
➐ >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[1].text
   ' some ' # changed
➑ >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[2].text
   'bold'   # changed
➒ >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[3].text
   ' and some '     # changed
  >>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[4].text    # added
   'italic'

TODO: can someone confirm in Word on Windows?

On reference number 540.1, paragraph 22.163, the codeblock:

--snip--  # omitted to save space
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[0].style = 'QuoteChar'
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[1].underline = True
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[3].underline = True
>>> doc.save('restyled.docx')

gives a UserWarning: style lookup by style_id is deprecated. Use style name as key instead.return self._get_style_id_from_style(self[style_name], style_type) but the following fixes it:

--snip--  # omitted to save space
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[0].style = 'Quote Char'  # changed for python-docx 0.8.7
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[1].underline = True
>>> doc.paragraphs[1].runs[3].underline = True
>>> doc.save('restyled.docx')

Aug. 23, 2018 Update

In Chapter 13, reference number 540.1, paragraph 22.164, the line:

We can see that it’s simple to divide a paragraph into runs and access each run individiaully.

On reference number 546.9, paragraph 22.183, the codeblock:

➊ >>> doc.paragraphs[0].runs[0].add_break(docx.text.WD_BREAK.PAGE)
   >>> doc.add_paragraph('This is on the second page!')
   <docx.text.Paragraph object at 0x00000000037855F8>
   >>> doc.save('twoPage.docx')

ought to be:

➊ >>> doc.paragraphs[0].runs[0].add_break(docx.enum.text.WD_BREAK.PAGE)  # changed
   >>> doc.add_paragraph('This is on the second page!')
   <docx.text.Paragraph object at 0x00000000037855F8>
   >>> doc.save('twoPage.docx')

Aug. 31, 2018 Update

In Chapter 13, reference number 552.0, paragraph 22.228, the line:

You should try both the uppercase and lower-case form of each word.

In Chapter 14, reference number 561.2, paragraph 23.33, the codeblock:

   >>> import csv
   >>> csvFile = open('example.tsv', 'w', newline='')
➊ >>> csvWriter = csv.writer(csvFile, delimiter='\t', lineterminator='\n\n')
   >>> csvWriter.writerow(['apples', 'oranges', 'grapes'])
   24
   >>> csvWriter.writerow(['eggs', 'bacon', 'ham'])
   17
   >>> csvWriter.writerow(['spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam'])
   32

outputs:

   >>> import csv
   >>> csvFile = open('example.tsv', 'w', newline='')
➊ >>> csvWriter = csv.writer(csvFile, delimiter='\t', lineterminator='\n\n')
   >>> csvWriter.writerow(['apples', 'oranges', 'grapes'])
   23  # changed
   >>> csvWriter.writerow(['eggs', 'bacon', 'ham'])
   16  # changed
   >>> csvWriter.writerow(['spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam'])
   31  # changed

Sept. 1, 2018 Update

In Chapter 14, reference number 565.5, paragraph 23.54, the codeblock:

#! python3
# removeCsvHeader.py - Removes the header from all CSV files in the current
# working directory.

--snip--
# Read the CSV file in (skipping first row).
csvRows = []
csvFileObj = open(csvFilename)
readerObj = csv.reader(csvFileObj)
for row in readerObj:
    if readerObj.line_num == 1:
        continue    # skip first row
    csvRows.append(row)
csvFileObj.close()

# TODO: Write out the CSV file.

needs to be indented to match the previous codeblock:

#! python3
# removeCsvHeader.py - Removes the header from all CSV files in the current
# working directory.

    --snip--
    print('Removing header from ' + csvFilename + '...')  # added

    # Read the CSV file in (skipping first row).
    csvRows = []
    csvFileObj = open(csvFilename)
    readerObj = csv.reader(csvFileObj)
    for row in readerObj:
        if readerObj.line_num == 1:
            continue    # skip first row
        csvRows.append(row)
    csvFileObj.close()

# TODO: Write out the CSV file.

On reference number 568.2, paragraph 23.58:

The CSV Writer object will write the list to a CSV file in headerRemoved using csvFilename (which we also used in the CSV reader). This will overwrite the original file.

I thought the original file won’t be overwritten because the new file is in the headerRemoved folder? TODO: Can someone please confirm?

On reference number 575.4, paragraph 23.98, the link http://api.openweathermap.org /data/2.5/forecast/daily?q=%3CLocation%3E&cnt=3 no longer works. The OpenWeatherMap.org API now needs an API key. So, sign up if you really want to run quickWeather.py.

Alternatively, the Weather.gov API (United States only, at the moment) does not require an API key (only a User Agent), but it will require one in the future.

Sept. 4, 2018 Update

In Chapter 14, reference number 582.0, paragraph 23.130, the codeblock:

for excelFile in os.listdir('.'):
    # Skip non-xlsx files, load the workbook object.
    for sheetName in wb.get_sheet_names():
        # Loop through every sheet in the workbook.
        sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)

        # Create the CSV filename from the Excel filename and sheet title.
        # Create the csv.writer object for this CSV file.

        # Loop through every row in the sheet.
        for rowNum in range(1, sheet.get_highest_row() + 1):
            rowData = []    # append each cell to this list
            # Loop through each cell in the row.
            for colNum in range(1, sheet.get_highest_column() + 1):
                # Append each cell's data to rowData.

            # Write the rowData list to the CSV file.

        csvFile.close()

should be:

for excelFile in os.listdir('.'):
   # Skip non-xlsx files, load the workbook object.
   for sheetName in wb.sheetnames:  # changed
       # Loop through every sheet in the workbook.
       sheet = wb[sheetName]  # changed

       # Create the CSV filename from the Excel filename and sheet title.
       # Create the csv.writer object for this CSV file.

       # Loop through every row in the sheet.
       for rowNum in range(1, sheet.max_row + 1):  # changed
           rowData = []    # append each cell to this list
           # Loop through each cell in the row.
           for colNum in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):  # changed
               # Append each cell's data to rowData.

           # Write the rowData list to the CSV file.

       csvFile.close()

Sept. 5, 2018 Update

In Chapter 15, reference number 595.7, paragraph 24.42, the codeblock:

>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1000000)
datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 12, 5, 46, 40)
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())
datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 27, 11, 13, 0, 604980)

might need to be:

>>> import time  # added
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1000000)
datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 12, 5, 46, 40)
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())
datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 27, 11, 13, 0, 604980)

In case IDLE was closed to write the stopwatch.py program.

Sept. 6, 2018 Update

In Chapter 15, reference number 598.0, paragraph 24.47, the str line in codeblock needs bolding:

--snip--  # omitted to save space
>>> str(delta)  # bold me, pls
'11 days, 10:09:08'

On reference number 599.5, paragraph 24.49, the line:

Finally, passing the timedelta object to str() returns a string clearly explaning the duration.

Sept. 7, 2018 Update

In Chapter 15, reference number 612.3, paragraph 24.125, the line:

To make sure the keyword argument sep=’ & ‘ gets passed to print() in the new thread, we pass kwargs={‘sep’: ‘& ‘} to threading.Thread().

On reference number 616.0, paragraph 24.136 (multidownloadXkcd.py), the codeblock:

           --snip-- # omitted
           if comicElem == []:
               print('Could not find comic image.')
           else:
➐             comicUrl = comicElem[0].get('src')
               # Download the image.
               print('Downloading image %s...' % (comicUrl))
           --snip-- # omitted

should be:

           --snip-- # omitted
           if comicElem == []:
               print('Could not find comic image.')
           else:
➐             comicUrl = 'http:' + comicElem[0].get('src')  # changed
               # Download the image.
               print('Downloading image %s...' % (comicUrl))
           --snip-- # omitted

On reference number 627.6, paragraph 24.161, the codeblock:

>>> subprocess.Popen(['C:\\python34\\python.exe', 'hello.py'])
<subprocess.Popen object at 0x000000000331CF28>

might need to be:

>>> subprocess.Popen(['C:\\python34\\python.exe', 'hello.py']).communicate()  # changed
<subprocess.Popen object at 0x000000000331CF28>

I could not get it to accept input without it in Ubuntu 18.04. TODO: Can someone confirm they got it to work in Windows?

Sept. 8, 2018 Update

In Chapter 15, reference number 631.7, paragraph 24.183 (countdown.py), the codeblock:

--snip--  # omitted
➊ timeLeft = 60
   while timeLeft > 0:
➋     print(timeLeft, end='')
➌     time.sleep(1)
--snip--  # omitted

may need to be:

--snip--  # omitted
➊ timeLeft = 60
   while timeLeft > 0:
➋     print(timeLeft)  # changed
➌     time.sleep(1)
--snip--  # omitted

It wouldn’t print remaining time in Python 3.6.5 (Ubuntu 18.04) until the while loop finished. It seemed to wait until the line was done before printing it. TODO: Can someone else please confirm?

Sept. 14, 2018 Update

In Chapter 16, reference number 648.4, paragraph 25.52, the line:

Install imapclient and pyzmail from a Terminal window. Appendix A has steps on how to install third-party modules.

I had to install pyzmail36 (possibly because I’m using Python 3.6.5). Appendix A may have to be updated.

Sept. 15, 2018 Update

In Chapter 16, reference number 658.7, paragraph 25.115, the lines:

imapObj.search(['ON 05-Jul-2015']). Returns every message sent on July 5, 2015.
imapObj.search(['SINCE 01-Jan-2015', 'BEFORE 01-Feb-2015', 'UNSEEN']). Returns every message sent in January 2015
that is unread. (Note that this means on and after January 1 and up to but not including February 1.)
imapObj.search(['SINCE 01-Jan-2015', 'FROM alice@example.com']). Returns every message from alice@example.com sent
                                                                 since the start of 2015.
imapObj.search(['SINCE 01-Jan-2015', 'NOT FROM alice@example.com']). Returns every message sent from everyone except
                                                                     alice@example.com since the start of 2015.
imapObj.search(['OR FROM alice@example.com FROM bob@example.com']). Returns every message ever sent from
                                                                    alice@example.com or bob@example.com.
imapObj.search(['FROM alice@example.com', 'FROM bob@example.com']). Trick example! This search will never return
                                                                    any messages, because messages must match all
                                                                    search keywords. Since there can be only one
                                                                    “from” address, it is impossible for a message
                                                                    to be from both alice@example.com and
                                                                    bob@example.com.

should be:

imapObj.search(['ON', '05-Jul-2015']). Returns every message sent on July 5, 2015.
imapObj.search(['SINCE', '01-Jan-2015', 'BEFORE', '01-Feb-2015', 'UNSEEN']). Returns every message sent in January
                                                                             2015 that is unread. (Note that this
                                                                             means on and after January 1 and up to
                                                                             but not including February 1.)
imapObj.search(['SINCE', '01-Jan-2015', 'FROM', 'alice@example.com']). Returns every message from alice@example.com
                                                                       sent since the start of 2015.
imapObj.search(['SINCE', '01-Jan-2015', 'NOT', 'FROM', 'alice@example.com']). Returns every message sent from
                                                                              everyone except alice@example.com
                                                                              since the start of 2015.
imapObj.search(['OR', 'FROM', 'alice@example.com', 'FROM', 'bob@example.com']). Returns every message ever sent
                                                                                from alice@example.com or
                                                                                bob@example.com.
imapObj.search(['FROM', 'alice@example.com', 'FROM', 'bob@example.com']). Trick example! This search will never
                                                                          return any messages, because messages
                                                                          must match all search keywords. Since
                                                                          there can be only one “from” address, it
                                                                          is impossible for a message to be from
                                                                          both alice@example.com and
                                                                          bob@example.com.

because criteria should be a sequence of items. Plus, trying imapObj.search(['SINCE 01-Jan-2015', 'NOT FROM alice@exmaple.com']) outputs imaplib.error: SEARCH command error: BAD [b'Error in IMAP command UID SEARCH: Unexpected string as search key: SINCE 01-Jan-2015 (0.001 + 0.088 + 0.087 secs).']

Alternatively, imapObj.search('SINCE "01-Jan-2015" NOT FROM "alice@exmaple.com"') works, but isn’t recommended according to the docs.

On reference number 664.6, paragraph 25.141, the line >>> message = pyzmail.PyzMessage.factory(rawMessages[40041]['BODY[]']) gave me a KeyError (even after using proper UIDs) that was only fixed by changing it to >>> message = pyzmail.PyzMessage.factory(rawMessages[40041][b'BODY[]'])

On reference number 668.9, paragraph 25.148, the line ➋ >>> UIDs = imapObj.search(['ON 09-Jul-2015']) should be ➋ >>> UIDs = imapObj.search(['ON', '09-Jul-2015'])

Sept. 16, 2018 Updates

In Chapter 16, reference number 674.0, paragraph 25.168 (sendDuesReminders.py), the codeblock:

import openpyxl, smtplib, sys

--snip--  # omitted
➋ sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')

➌ lastCol = sheet.get_highest_column()
➍ latestMonth = sheet.cell(row=1, column=lastCol).value
--snip--  # omitted

should be:

import openpyxl, smtplib, sys, datetime  # changed

--snip--  # omitted
➋ sheet = wb['Sheet1']  # changed

➌ lastCol = sheet.max_column  # changed
➍ latestMonth = sheet.cell(row=1, column=lastCol).value
   latestMonth = datetime.datetime.strftime(latestMonth, '%b %Y')  # added for LibreOffice 6.0.3.2
--snip--  # omitted

Sept. 17, 2018 Update: In LibreOffice, latestMonth = 2018-06-01 00:00:00, so I had to use datetime to format it as Jun 2018. TODO: Can someone please confirm it works in Excel?

On reference number 676.3, paragraph 25.170, the line ➊ for r in range(2, sheet.get_highest_row() + 1): should be ➊ for r in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):

On reference number 678.1, paragraph 25.174, the line body = "Subject: %s dues unpaid.\nDear %s,\nRecords show that you have not paid dues for %s. Please make this payment as soon as possible. Thank you!'" % (latestMonth, name, latestMonth) should be body = "Subject: %s dues unpaid.\nDear %s,\nRecords show that you have not paid dues for %s. Please make this payment as soon as possible. Thank you!" % (latestMonth, name, latestMonth)

Sept. 17, 2018 Update

In Chapter 16, reference number 682.8, paragraph 25.190, the codeblock:

➊ >>> from twilio.rest import TwilioRestClient
  --snip--  # omitted
➋ >>> twilioCli = TwilioRestClient(accountSID, authToken)

should be:

➊ >>> from twilio.rest import Client  # changed
  --snip--  # omitted
➋ >>> twilioCli = Client(accountSID, authToken)  # changed

because TwilioRestClient has been depreciated (using twilio 6.16.4).

On reference number 685.5, paragraph 25.195, the line ➊ >>> updatedMessage = twilioCli.messages.get(message.sid) should be ➊ >>> updatedMessage = twilioCli.messages(message.sid).fetch() because the attributes of messages.get() were changed.

Sept. 18, 2018 Update

In Chapter 16, reference number 687.8, paragraph 25.201 (textMyself.py), the codeblock:

  --snip--  # omitted
  from twilio.rest import TwilioRestClient

➊ def textmyself(message):
➋     twilioCli = TwilioRestClient(accountSID, authToken)
  --snip--  # omitted

should be:

  --snip--  # omitted
  from twilio.rest import Client  # changed

➊ def textmyself(message):
➋     twilioCli = Client(accountSID, authToken)  # changed
  --snip--  # omitted

In paragraph 25.202, the line:

It then defined textmyself() to take on argument ➊, make a TwilioRestClient object ➋, and call create() with the message you passed ➌.

Sept. 27, 2018 Update

In Chapter 17, reference number 724.1, paragraph 26.122, the line ➌     im = im.resize((width, height)) is over indented.

On reference number 734.5, paragraph 26.163, the codeblock:

--snip--  # omitted
>>> fontsFolder = 'FONT_FOLDER' # e.g. 'Library/Fonts'
➍ >>> arialFont = ImageFont.truetype(os.path.join(fontsFolder, 'arial.ttf'), 32)
➎ >>> draw.text((100, 150), 'Howdy', fill='gray', font=arialFont)
--snip--  # omitted

will need to be changed for those on Ubuntu, specifically:

--snip--  # omitted
>>> fontsFolder = '/usr/share/fonts/truetype' # e.g. 'Library/Fonts'  # modified
➍ >>> liberationFont = ImageFont.truetype(os.path.join(fontsFolder, '/liberation/LiberationSerif-Regular.ttf'), 32)  # modified
➎ >>> draw.text((100, 150), 'Howdy', fill='gray', font=liberationFont)  # modified
--snip--  # omitted

However, everyone will have to modify it for their system.

Sept. 28, 2018 Update

In Chapter 17, reference number 738.6, paragraph 26.194, the line:

Other wise, it should skip adding the logo.

Sept. 29, 2018 Update

In Chapter 17, reference number 739.4, paragraph 26.198, the codeblock:

#! python3 #
Import modules and write comments to describe this program.

--snip--  # omitted

may need to be:

#! python3
# Import modules and write comments to describe this program.

--snip--  # omitted

On reference number 740.0, paragraph 26.200, the line:

For each of the guests listed in the guests.txt file from the resources at http://nostarch.com/automatestuff/, generate an image file with the guest name and some flowery decoration.

may need to be:

For each of the guests listed in the guests.txt file from the resources at http://nostarch.com/automatestuff/, generate an image file with the guest’s name and some flowery decoration.

I couldn’t find the public domain flower image mentioned in the book, so I used this one.

Oct. 2, 2018 Update

For Chapter 18, if running Ubuntu 18.04.1 in a VirtualBox virtual machine, mouse integration needs to be turned off so that the pyautogui module can control the mouse. Remember that the Host Key will need to be pressed to manually toggle keyboard/mouse capture.

Oct. 3, 2018 Update

In Chapter 18, reference number 764.0, paragraph 27.77, the codeblock:

#! python3
# mouseNow.py - Displays the mouse cursor's current position.
--snip--
        positionStr = 'X: ' + str(x).rjust(4) + ' Y: ' + str(y).rjust(4)
        pixelColor = pyautogui.screenshot().getpixel((x, y))
        positionStr += ' RGB: (' + str(pixelColor[0]).rjust(3)
        positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[1]).rjust(3)
        positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[2]).rjust(3) + ')'
        print(positionStr, end='')
--snip--

may need to be:

#! python3
# mouseNow.py - Displays the mouse cursor's current position.
import pyautogui, os  # changed
--snip--
        positionStr = 'X: ' + str(x).rjust(4) + ' Y: ' + str(y).rjust(4)
        pixelColor = pyautogui.screenshot().getpixel((x, y))
        positionStr += ' RGB: (' + str(pixelColor[0]).rjust(3)
        positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[1]).rjust(3)
        positionStr += ', ' + str(pixelColor[2]).rjust(3) + ')'
        print(positionStr, end='')
        print('\b' * len(positionStr), end='', flush=True)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    files = os.listdir('./')  # added
    for file in files:  # added
        if file.startswith('.screenshot'):  # added
            os.remove(os.path.join('./', file))  # added
    print('\nDone.')

to cleanup all the .screenshot### files left behind in Ubuntu 18.04. This could be because the exception handler doesn’t give PyAutoGUI a chance to do it.

Oct. 4, 2018 Update

In Chapter 18, reference number 765.5, paragraph 27.81, the line:

… replacing ‘submit. png’ with the filename of your screenshot:

Oct. 7, 2018 Update

In Chapter 18, reference number 781.5, paragraph 27.192, the line:

… then mouse over the Name field to figure out its the x- and y-coordinates.

Setting up formFiller.py coordinates

To set up the coordinates for formFiller.py, you need to open a terminal window (or command prompt), run the mouseNow.py script, resize it to something small, keep it in the foreground, and hover over the maximized browser in the background as you note the mouseNow.py data.

As you enter data in the form, you may need to keep bringing back the mouseNow.py window into the foreground. For some reason, that wasn’t explained clearly enough for me.

Tip: If “This is a required question” appears below the Name field, it will affect the coordinates of the Submit button.

On reference number 791.8, paragraph 27.213, the lines:

… whether it has gotten offtrack. You can even give PyAutoGUI a screen-shot and …

On reference number 793.8, paragraph 27.236, the line:

Your program will have to take screen-shots to guide…